Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood - Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood Uncle Tungsten: Memories of a Chemical Boyhood (or just Uncle Tungsten) is a memoir by Oliver Sacks about his childhood published in 2002. The book is named for Sacks' Uncle Dave who owned a business named Tugstalite which made incandescent lightbulbs with a tungsten filament. Uncle Dave was called Uncle Tungsten as a nickname. Uncle Tungsten was still fascinated with tungsten and believed it was the metal of the future. The book also talks about many other things that happened to Sacks, like the many whippings in Bradbury, the burning down of the Crystal Palace, his chemical lab, and his short-lived obsession with coloring his own black and white photographs using dangerous chemicals..
Tungsten - Tungsten General Name, Symbol, Number Tungsten, W, 74 Chemical series Transition metals Group, Period, Block 6 (VIB), 6 , d Density, Hardness 19250 kg/m3, 7.5 Appearance grayish white, lustrous Atomic properties Atomic weight 183.84 amu Atomic radius(calc.) 135 (193) pm Covalent radius 146 pm van der Waals radius no data Electron configuration [Xe]44f14 5d4 6s2 e- 's per energy level 2, 8, 18, 32, 12, 2 Oxidation states (Oxide) 6, 5, 4, 3, 2 (mildly acidic) Crystal structure Cubic body centered Physical properties State of matter solid Melting point 3695 K (6192 °F) Boiling point 5828 K (10031 °F) Molar volume 9.47 ×1010-3 m3/mol Heat of vaporization 824 kJ/mol Heat of fusion 35.4 kJ/mol Vapor pressure 4.27 Pa at 3680 K Speed of sound 5174 m/s.
Tungsten inert gas welding - Tungsten inert gas welding Tungsten inert gas welding or TIG is also known as gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW) or HELIARC, a trade name of Linde. A tungsten electrode protected by a shielding gas is used to create an arc, a filler rod is then melted by the arc to join the metals. Unlike most other types of arc welding, the tungsten electrode is not used up by TIG welding..
KE-penetrator - to a minimum. To keep the penetrator centered in the barrel and prevent propellant gases from leaking out during firing, a sabot is placed around the penetrator, but this falls off as soon as the round leaves the barrel. KE-penetrators for tanks are commonly just 2-3 centimeters in diameter, and 50-60 centimeters long. To maximize the amount of kinetic energy released on the target, the penetrator must be made of an hard and heavy material, such as tungsten or depleted uranium. If the penetrator was in a soft material such as lead its kinetic energy would be dissipated as heat hitting the hard armor and no effective penetration would happen. Other names for KE-penetrators include APFSDS (Armour Piercing Fin Stabilized Discarding Sabot) and long-rod penetrator. It is generally accepted that KE-penetrators.
Japanese submarine I-52 - Japan, picked up a cargo of 290 tons of strategic materials, including 228 metric tons of tin, 2.3 tons of opium, three tons of quinine, tungsten, 54 tons of rubber, and two tons of gold, in Singapore, and headed through the Indian Ocean to the Atlantic Ocean. In mid-ocean, she rendezvoused with U-530, a Type IXC/40 U-boat, which provided her with fuel and installed a Naxos radar detector. A Naxos operator and a navigator familiar with the Bay of Biscay joined the Japanese crew to help the submarine survive the final leg of the journey into Lorient. However, unknown to either the Japanese or the Germans, their codes had been broken and "Ultra" intercepts had revealed their plans; I-52 had been closely watched all the way from Singapore. The escort ("jeep").
Igneous rock - from various forms of radiometric dating and thus can be compared to adjacent strata, allowing a time sequence of events their features are usually characteristic of a specific tectonic environment, allowing tectonic reconstitutions (see Plate tectonics) in some special circumstances they host important mineral deposits, of, for example, tungsten, tin or uranium, commonly associated with granites they can be explored as ornamental stone Igneous rocks are classified according to mode of occurrence, texture, chemical composition, and the geometry of the igneous body. =Modes of occurrence= In terms of modes of occurrence, igneous rocks can be either intrusive (plutonic) or extrusive (effusive). Intrusive rocks crystallize within the crust interior. Extrusive rocks are the result of volcanic eruptions and, therefore, solidify in atmospheric conditions. =Texture= The most important distinction in igneous rocks textures.
Iodine - goitre. In many (but not all) such areas, this is now prevented by the addition of small amounts of sodium iodide to table salt - this product is known as iodised salt Other uses: One of the halogens, it is an essential trace element; the thyroid hormones, thyroxine and triiodotyronine contain atoms of iodine. Tincture of iodine (3% elemental iodine in water/ethanol base) is an essential component of any emergency survival kit, used both to disinfect wounds and to sanitize surface water for drinking (3 drops/L, let stand for 30 minutes.) Iodine compounds are important in the field of organic chemistry and are very useful in medicine. Iodides and thyroxine which contains iodine, are both used in internal medicine and, in combination with alcohol (as tincture of iodine) are used externally.
Irving Langmuir - the 1932 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work in surface chemistry. His initial contributions to science came from his study of light bulbs (which was a continuation of his Ph.D. work). First his improvement of vacuum techniques led to the invention of the high-vacuum tube. A year later he discovered that the lifetime of a tungsten filament was greatly lengthened by filling the bulb with an inert gas, such as argon, which is an important part of the modern day incandescent light bulb. As he continued to study filaments in vacuum and different gas environments he began to study the emission of charged particles from hot filaments (thermionic emission). He was one of the first scientists to work with plasmas and was the first to call these ionized gases by.
Hafnium - 9 E6 y β 0.373 182Ta SI units & STP are used except where noted. Hafnium is a chemical element in the periodic table that has the symbol Hf and atomic number 72. A lustrous, silvery gray tetravalent transition metal, hafnium resembles zirconium chemically and is found in zirconium minerals. Hafnium is used in tungsten alloys in filaments and electrodes and also acts as a neutron absorber in nuclear control rods. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Notable Characteristics 2 Applications 3 History 4 Occurrence 5 Precautions 6 External Links Notable Characteristics This is a shiny silvery, ductile metal that is corrosion resistant and chemically similar to zirconium. The properties of hafnium are markedly affected by zirconium impurities and these two elements are amongst the most difficult to separate. The only notable.
Hastelloy - elements). Other alloying ingredients are added to the nickel in each of the sub categories of this trade mark designation and include varying percentages of the elements molybdenum, chromium, cobalt, iron, copper, manganese, titanium, zirconium, aluminum, carbon, and tungsten. The primary function of the HASTELLOY® super alloys is that of effective survival under high temperature, high stress service in a moderately to severely corrosive, and or erosion prone environment where the more common and less expensive iron based alloys would fail..
Helium - spectroscopically found an emission line of a previously unknown element. Eduard Frankland confirmed Janssen's findings and also proposed that the element should named after Helios, the Greek god of the sun, with the added suffix -ium because the new element was expected to be a metal. It was isolated by Sir William Ramsay in 1895, from clevite and conclusively found to not be a metal, but the name was unchanged. Swedish chemists Nils Langlet and Per Theodor Cleve, working independently of Ramsay, also were able to isolate helium from clevite at about the same time. In 1907 Ernest Rutherford and Thomas Royds were able to show that alpha particles are helium nuclei. In 1908 Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes produced the first liquid helium by cooling the gas to 0.9°K, a.
Heat of vaporization - Tantalum 743 Technetium 660 Tellurium 52.55 Thallium 164.1 Thorium 514.4 Tin 295.8 Titanium 421 Tungsten 824 Vanadium 452 Xenon 12.636 Yttrium 363 Zinc 115.3 Zirconium 58.2 .
Gangwon - the sea. As a consequence the coast is steep. The area of Gangwon is 16894 km2, of which four fifth are woodland. Edible alpine plants and mushrooms are harvested in these forests. The province is renowned for its agricultural produce, in particular potatoes and fish (cuttlefish and pollack). Mineral resources of the province include iron, coal, fluorite, limestone and tungsten. There are hydroelectric and thermoelectric power plants. The main cities in the province are Chuncheon (the provincial capital), Gangneung, Sokcho, Wonju, and Donghae. Seorak-san (mountain; 1,700 m) and Mount Odae (1,563 m) with its ski run, attract a large number of national tourists. Both are located in national parks in the Taebaek Mountains. Population 1,592,000 (1990, estimate). Administrative divisions: Chuncheon-shi Donghae-shi Gangneung-shi Samcheok-shi Sokcho-shi Taebaek-shi Wonju-shi Cheorwon-gun Goseong-gun Hoengseong-gun Hongcheon-gun Hwacheon-gun.
Geography of the Republic of Macedonia - Vardar River Elevation extremes: lowest point: Vardar River 50 m highest point: Golem Korab (Maja e Korabit) 2,753 m Natural resources: chromium, lead, zinc, manganese, tungsten, nickel, low-grade iron ore, asbestos, sulfur, timber, arable land Land use: arable land: 24% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 25% forests and woodland: 39% other: 10% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 830 km² (1993 est.) Natural hazards: high seismic risks Environment - current issues: air pollution from metallurgical plants Environment - international agreements: party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements Geography - note: landlocked; major transportation corridor from Western and Central Europe to Aegean Sea and Southern Europe to Western Europe See also : Macedonia - Republic.
Geography of Mongolia - southeast Elevation extremes: lowest point: Hoh Nuur 518 m highest point: Tavan Bogd Uul 4,374 m Natural resources: oil, coal, copper, molybdenum, tungsten, phosphates, tin, nickel, zinc, wolfram, fluorspar, gold Land use: arable land: 1% permanent crops: 0% permanent pastures: 80% forests and woodland: 9% other: 10% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 800 km² (1993 est.) Natural hazards: dust storms can occur in the spring; grassland fires Environment - current issues: limited natural fresh water resources; policies of the former communist regime promoting rapid urbanization and industrial growth have raised concerns about their negative effects on the environment; the burning of soft coal in power plants and the lack of enforcement of environmental laws have severely polluted the air in Ulaanbaatar; deforestation, overgrazing, the converting of virgin land to agricultural production have.
Geography of Myanmar - Andaman Sea 0 m highest point: Hkakabo Razi 5,881 m Rivers: Irrawaddy, Salween, Mekong Natural resources: petroleum, timber, tin, antimony, zinc, copper, tungsten, lead, coal, some marble, limestone, precious stones, natural gas, hydropower Land use: arable land: 15% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 1% forests and woodland: 49% other: 34% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 10,680 km² (1993 est.) Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes and cyclones; flooding and landslides common during rainy season (June to September); periodic droughts Environment - current issues: deforestation; industrial pollution of air, soil, and water; inadequate sanitation and water treatment contribute to disease Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Desertification, Endangered Species, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 83, Tropical Timber 94 signed, but not ratified: none.
Geography of North Korea - storms as a result of northern and northwestern winds that blow from Siberia. The daily average high and low temperatures for P'yongyang in January are -3° C and -13° C. Average snowfall is thirty-seven days during the winter. The weather is likely to be particularly harsh in the northern, mountainous regions. Summer tends to be short, hot, humid, and rainy because of the southern and southeastern monsoon winds that bring moist air from the Pacific Ocean. The daily average high and low temperatures for P'yongyang in August are 29° C and 20° C. On average, approximately 60 percent of all precipitation occurs from June to September. Typhoons affect the peninsula on an average of at least once every summer. Spring and autumn are transitional seasons marked by mild temperatures and variable.
Geography of Nicaragua - the second largest lake in Latin America. Elevation extremes: lowest point: Pacific Ocean 0 m highest point: Mogoton 2,438 m Natural resources: gold, silver, copper, tungsten, lead, zinc, timber, fish Land use: arable land: 9% permanent crops: 1% permanent pastures: 46% forests and woodland: 27% other: 17% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 880 km² (1993 est.) Natural hazards: destructive earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides, and occasionally severe hurricanes Environment - current issues: deforestation; soil erosion; water pollution; Hurricane Mitch damage Environment - international agreements: party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands signed, but not ratified: Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea See also : Nicaragua.
Geography of China - through the North China Plain, the historic center of Chinese expansion and influence. Han Chinese people have farmed the rich alluvial soils of the plain since ancient times, constructing the Grand Canal of China for north-south transport. The plain itself is actually a continuation of the Dongbei (Manchurian) Plain to the northeast but is separated from it by the Bo Hai Gulf, an extension of the Huang Hai (Yellow Sea). Like other densely populated areas of China, the plain is subject not only to floods but to earthquakes. For example, the mining and industrial center of Tangshan, about 165 kilometers east of Beijing, was leveled by an earthquake in July 1976 that reportedly also killed 242,000 people and injured 164,000. The Qin Ling mountain range, a continuation of the Kunlun Mountains,.
Geography of South Korea - Strait Climate: There is a temperate climate, with rainfall heavier in summer than winter. Terrain: South Korea's terrain is mostly hills and mountains, with wide coastal plains in the west and the south. Elevation extremes: lowest point: East Sea 0 m highest point: Halla-san 1,950 m Natural resources: South Korea produces coal, tungsten, graphite, molybdenum, lead, and has potential for hydropower. Land use: arable land: 19% permanent crops: 2% permanent pastures: 1% forests and woodland: 65% other: 13% (1993 est.) Irrigated land: 13,350 sq km (1993 est.) Natural hazards: There are occasional typhoons that bring high winds and floods. This is also low-level seismic activity which is common in the southwest. Environment - current issues: There are problems air pollution in large cities; as well as water pollution from the discharge.
