Vladimir II, Prince of Novgorod - Vladimir II, Prince of Novgorod Vladimir II Holti ("the Nimble") (1020-1052) reigned as prince of Novgorod from 1036 until his death. The son of Yaroslav I, prince of Kiev, and Ingigerd (Anna), daughter of king Olaf Skötkonung of Sweden, he married Oda of Stade, near modern Hamburg. Vladimir's brother was Vsevolod I, prince of Kiev..
Nizhny Novgorod - Nizhny Novgorod Nizhny Novgorod (Russian Нижний Новгород) (sometimes written in English Nizhniy-Novgorod or Nizhni Novgorod), is the third largest city in Russia, with a population of 1.5 million. It lies in the Privolzhsky District, at the confluence of the Oka and the Volga rivers, and is the economic and cultural center of the vast Volgo-Vyatski region. Nizhny Novgorod was known from 1932 to 1990 as Gorki (Gorky), after the Russian writer Maxim Gorki, who was born here in 1868. During Soviet rule, Nizhny Novgorod was closed to foreigners. According to an old saying, Saint Petersburg was the head of Russia, Moscow was the heart and Nizhny Novgorod was its pocket. Some say that Nizhny Novgorod is more Russian than both Saint Petersburg and Moscow are, because of.
Novgorod - Novgorod Novgorod is a city in North-Western Russia, which dates back to the 10th century AD. It is the capital of the Novgorod Oblast. The city lies along the River Volkhov just below its outflow from Lake Ilmen. Population: ca. 290,000. In medieval times it was one of the greatest cities of Russia. During the Kievan Rus period it was the second most important center in the nation and the centre of the lucrative fur trade. After the sacking of Kiev and many of the other Russian cities by the Mongols Novgorod's position was greatly enhanced and it became an independent city state of great power. It gained control of a vast swath of territory in Northern Russia and was a center of trade. The city.
Kievan Rus' - first Russian written legal code, the Russkaya Pravda. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early History of Kievan Rus' 2 The Golden Age of Kiev 3 The Rise of Regional Centers 4 References Early History of Kievan Rus' According to the Primary Chronicle, the earliest chronicle of Kievan Rus', a Varangian (Viking) named Rurik first established himself in Novgorod (according to the chronicle, he was selected as common ruler by several slavic tribes), just south of modern-day St. Petersburg, in about 860 before moving south and extending his authority to Kiev. The chronicle cites the Scandinavian Rurik as the progenitor of a dynasty that ruled in Eastern Europe until 1598. Another Varagnian, Oleg (Helgi), who was a close relative of Rurik, moved south from Novgorod to expel the Khazars from Kiev and.
Kremlin - if any enemy was approaching. The oldest secular structure still standing is the Palace of Facets (1491), which holds the imperial thrones, it was commissioned by Ivan IV (the Terrible). Next oldest is the first home of the royal family, the Terem Palace. The original Terem Palace was commissioned by Ivan III, but most of the existing palace was built in the 17th century. The Terem Palace and the Palace of Facets are linked by the Grand Kremlin Palace. This was commissioned by Nicholas I in 1838. It was the largest structure in the Kremlin and cost 11 million rubles to build. It contains reception halls, a ceremonial red staircase, and private apartments. The Northeast corner of the Kremlin is occupied by the Arsenal, it was originally built for Peter the.
Viking Age - by the failed invasion attempt on England by Harald Hårdråde in 1066. The Viking longboats were uniquely suited to both deep and shallow waters, thus extending the reach of Viking raiders not only along coastlines, but also to areas along the banks of major rivers. Rurik founded the first Russian state with a capital at Novgorod. Vikings continued south on rivers to the Black Sea and then on to Constantinople. France was particularly hard-hit by these raiders, who could sail down the Seine with near impunity. The region now known as Normandy was rendered practically uninhabitable by the depradations of these recurring raids. Eventually, the French king Charles the Simple was able to make an agreement with Hrolf Ganger, later named Rollo. Charles gave Hrolf the title of Duke and granted.
Ingria - to "Ingria". It is said to be named after the daughter Ingegärd/Ingigerd of the Swedish king Olof Skötkonung (995-1022). She got married in 1019 to Yaroslav I the Wise, the ruler of Novgorod. In the early 1700s the area was reconquered by Russia in the Great Northern War after about 100 years in Swedish possession. On the place of the Swedish town Nyen close to the Neva river's estuary at the Gulf of Finland, the new Russian capital Saint Petersburg was founded in 1703. In 1710 Ingria was designated as the Province of Saint Petersburg (in 1927 the Leningrad Province, but in 1991 Leningrad changed name again back to Saint Petersburg, despite region is still called Leningradkaja oblast' ). The Votes, along with the Izhorians (Ingrians proper), are the indigenous people.
Ivan IV of Russia - fighting the Swedes, Lithuanians, Poles, and the Livonian Teutonic Knights. For twenty-two years the war dragged on, damaging the Russian economy and military but winning it no territory. Ivan's best friend and closest advisor, Prince Andrew Kurbsky, defected to the Poles, deeply hurting Ivan. At the same time his beloved wife died, perhaps murdered by the Boyars. Ivan also became very sick and physically disabled. He gradually grew unbalanced and violent. The Oprichniki soon got out of hand [indeed, they had always been out of hand] and became murderous thugs. They murdered nobles and peasants, and conscripted men to fight the war in Livonia. Depopulation and famine ensued. What had been by far the richest area of Russia became the poorest. In a dispute with Novgorod republic, Ivan ordered the Oprichniki.
Hanseatic League - of mutual assistance that would become the Hanseatic League. The chief city of the Hanseatic League was Lübeck, founded by Henry the Lion of Saxony in 1159. Its location on the Baltic gave access to trade with Scandinavia and Russia, putting it in direct competition with the Scandinavians who had previously controlled most of the Baltic trade routes. Competition was ended through a treaty with the traders of Gotland. Through this treaty, the Lübeck merchants also gained access to the Russian port of Novgorod, where they built a trading post. Lübeck, which had access to the Baltic and North Sea fishing grounds, later formed an alliance with Hamburg, another trading city that controlled access to salt routes. The allied cities were able to gain control over most of the salt fish.
Harald III of Norway - and half-brother of King Olaf the Saint. At the age of fifteen he was obliged to flee from Norway, having taken part in the Battle of Stiklestad (1030), in which King Olaf met his death. He took refuge for a short time with Prince Yaroslav of Novgorod (a Russian kingdom then, now a city, founded by Scandinavians), and thence went to Constantinople, where he took service under the Empress Zoe of Byzantium, whose Varangian guard he led to frequent victory in Italy, Sicily, and North Africa, also penetrating to Jerusalem. In the year 1042 he left Constantinople, supposedly because he was refused the hand of a princess, and on his way back to his own country he married Ellisif or Elizabeth, daughter of Yaroslav of Novgorod. In Sweden he allied himself.
Vladimir Vasilevich Markovnikov - Markovnikov was a Russian chemist born in Nizhny Novgorod December 22, 1838 died in February 1904. Markovnikov is best known for the Markovnikov Rule which he developed in 1869. The rule is useful for predicting the molecular structures of products of addition reactions. Since he never published in any language besides Russian his work remained largely unknown until 1889. Markovnikov also contributed to organic chemistry by finding carbon rings with more than six carbon atoms, a ring with four carbon atoms in 1879, and a ring with seven in 1889. External Links http://www.pmf.ukim.edu.mk/PMF/Chemistry/chemists/markovnikov.htm.
Vladimir I, Prince of Kiev - 980, he converted to Christianity in 988, reversing Sviatoslav's adherence to the pagan tradition (which was probably a mix of Norse and Slavic elements). Transferring his capital to Pereyaslavets in 969, Sviatoslav designated Vladimir ruler of Novgorod but gave Kiev to his legitimate son Yaropolk. After Sviatoslav's death (972), civil war erupted (976) between Yaropolk and his younger brother Oleg, ruler of Dereva. As he belonged to the Norse elite, Vladimir fled (977) to Scandinavia, and Novgorod fell to Yaropolk. Returning in 978 with a large force of Varangian (Viking) warriors, Vladimir recaptured Novgorod the following year. He slew prince Ragnvald of Polotsk and married his daughter Ragnilda, who was engaged to Yaropolk. Yaropolk fled as Vladimir besieged Kiev, but was killed (980) after surrendering to Vladimir, who now ruled all.
Vladimir Steklov - was a Russian mathematician, mechanician and physicist Steklov was born in Nizhny Novgorod, Russia. He died in Gaspra, Crimea, USSR, (now Ukraine). See also: Steklov Mathematical Institute.
Hämeenlinna - linna) is located in the city. There has been a settlement in where the city now stands since the Iron age. In the 11th century the entire province was under influence of both Sweden and Novgorod, and the Castle of häme (hämeen linna from where the finnish name Hämeenlinna comes from). A village was born during time near to the castle to provide services and goods to inhabitants. The village was granted city rights in 1639 and soon after that the King of Sweden moved it couple of kilometres south where it now stands. The city is has always been known for its excellent schools and academies in where many famous finns have studiet. The composer Jean Sibelius was born in Hämeenlinna. Poet Eino Leino graduated from high school in Hämeenlinna.(Hämeenlinnan.
Volga River - sea level north-west of Moscow and about 320 kilometres south-east of Saint Petersburg, the Volga heads east past Yaroslavl, Nizhny Novgorod and Kazan. From there it turns south, flows past Samara and Volgograd, and discharges into the Caspian Sea below Astrakhan at 28 metres below sea level. The Volga has many tributaries, most importantly the Kama, the Oka, the Vetluga, and the Sura rivers. The Volga and its tributaries form the Volga river system, which drains an area of about 1.35 million square kilometres in the most heavily populated part of Russia. The Volga Delta has a length of about 160 kilometres and includes as many as 500 channels and smaller rivers. The Volga freezes for most of its length during three months of each year. It drains most of Western.
History of Finland - have produced divergent viewpoints to challenge this accepted view. The ancestors of the Finns arrived at their present territory thousands of years ago, in numerous successive waves of immigration coming from east, south and west, establishing a hunting-farming culture and pushing the indigenous hunting-gathering Sámis (Lapps) into the more remote northern regions. Finns were still in late Medieval times known for their slash and burn farming. A part of Sweden Contact between Sweden and Finland was remarkable even during pre-Christian times -- the Vikings were known to Finns both due to their participation in commerce and plundering. Finland's nearly 700-year association with the Kingdom of Sweden is usually said to began in 1154 with the introduction of Christianity by Sweden's King Erik the holy who came escorted by a group of.
Vsevolod I, Prince of Kiev - married Ingigerd (Anna) Olafsdottir, daughter of king Olof Skötkonung of Sweden. Vesevolod's brother was Valdimir II, Prince of Novgorod..
Vsevolod of Kiev - married Ingigerd (Anna) Olafsdottir, daughter of king Olof Skötkonung of Sweden. Vesevolod's brother was Valdimir II, Prince of Novgorod. Preceded by: Sviatoslav II Rulers of Kievan Rus Succeeded by: Sviatopolk II.
History of Belarus - eventually they became their ally against the Bulgars. The condition underlying this alliance was to open the country for Christianization and acculturation from the Byzantine Empire. The common cultural bond of Eastern Orthodox Christianity and written Church Slavonic (a literary and liturgical Slavic language developed by 8th-century missionaries Cyril and Methodius) fostered the emergence of a new geopolitical entity, Rus' -- a loose-knit network of principalities, established along preexisting trade routes, with major centers in Novgorod (Russia), Polatsk (Belarus) and Kyiv (Ukraine) — which claimed a sometimes precarious preeminence among them. Between the 9th and 12th centuries, the principality of Polatsk (northern Belarus) emerged as the dominant center of power on Belarusian territory, with a lesser role played by the principality of Turaw in the south. It repeatedly asserted its sovereignty.
History of Siberia - of climate and marginalisation. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Pre-history 2 Khanate 3 Novgorod and Muscovy 4 Yermak and the Cossacks 5 Imperial Russian Expansion 6 Scientists in Siberia 7 Twentieth Century Siberia Pre-history The shores of all the Siberian lakes which filled the depressions during the Lacustrine period abound in remains dating from the Neolithic age; and numberless kurgans (tumuli), furnaces and so on bear witness to a much denser population than the present. During the great migrations in Asia from east to west many populations were probably driven to the northern borders of the great plateau and thence compelled to descend into Siberia; succeeding waves of immigration forced them still farther towards the barren grounds of the north, where they melted away. According to Radlov, the earliest inhabitants of.
