Non-lethal - Non-lethal Non-lethal force is the use of force which is not inherently likely to kill or cause great bodily injury. Note that "non-lethal force" generally has a significant risk of causing death: in this context "non-lethal" only means "not intended to kill". For this reason, two new terms, "less than lethal" and particularly "less-lethal", were coined and are now being used in place of "non-lethal" by many manufacturers and law enforcement agencies (and even those who oppose their common use in riot control). Examples Physical Striking with hands or feet Baton Joint locks or holds Water cannon Pressure point Beanbag round Plastic bullet Rubber bullet Chemical Tear gas (CN gas or CS gas) Pepper spray (OC aerosol) Electrical Electrocuting water cannon Stun gun (one common trade.
Electrocuting water cannon - cannon The electrocuting water cannon is a humanitarian non-lethal weapon developed by Jaycor Tactical Systems. The system is capable of delivering electric shocks to individuals at a range of up to 100 feet (30 m). A cannon ejects high-pressure saline solution through which a high-voltage pulse is delivered to the target. The system is capable of penetrating thick clothing. Advantages of this weapon over prior generations include increased range, the ability to engage multiple targets, and lack of reliance on barbed darts to attach the current source to the target..
Water cannon - earlier. Crowd Control On occasion, a stream of water from a fireboat would knock a sailor down, and noting this, someone observed that such a device would be effective at crowd control. Truck based water cannon systems were used widely in the United States during the 1960s for crowd control. Despite the fact that they were relatively safe (at least compared to a combination of firearms, tear gas and batons) their use as a less-lethal crowd control mechanism has fallen out of favor in the United States. Pictures of crowds being disbursed by water cannons are reminiscent of the civil rights movement when they were used by authorities to disburse crowds of protesting blacks. Perhaps this reminder is one reason that the water cannon has fallen out of favor in the.
Jack O'Lantern (mushroom) - Previous names include Omphalotus illudens and Clitocybe illudens. Unlike the chanterelle, the jack o'lantern mushroom is very poisonous. While not lethal, consuming this mushroom leads to very severe cramps, vomiting, and diarrhea. Complicating its toxicity is the fact that it smells and looks very appealing, to the extent that there are reports of repeat poisonings from individuals who were tempted to try them a second time. Its bioluminescence is generally only observable in low-light conditions with acclimated eyes. The whole mushroom doesn't glow—only the gills. This is due to luciferase, the same chemical that fireflies use to glow. However, in this case, the luciferase is a waste product, and is transported to the gills to get it out of the mushroom. Unlike the chanterelle, the jack-o-lantern has true, sharp, non-forking gills;.
John Maynard Smith - the same book, from the same public library. John Maynard Smith applied the zero-sum contests and win-win evaluation schemes from game theory to show that competition among males of a species would not tend to be lethal, but would have limited actual fighting and a large quantity of posturing and other non-aggressive display behaviour. This game-theoretic explanation has been largely accepted by theorists and other biologists in the field. In 1982, his book Evolution and the Theory of Games explained the application of game theory to biological science. This book explained how evolutionarily stable strategy is relevant to the field. He studied at Eton College and then engineering at Cambridge. During World War II, he worked in aeronautical engineering in "stress testing" airplane components. After the war he studied genetics under.
Israel Defence Forces - a source of tension in Israeli society. Druze also serve in the IDF. In recent years, some Druze officers have reached positions in the IDF as high as Major General. Israeli Arabs, with few exceptions, are not obliged to serve, though they may volunteer. Six Israeli Arabs have received orders of distinction as a part of their military service; of them the most famous is a Bedouin officer, Lieutenant Colonel Abd El-Amin Hajer (also known as Amos Yarkoni), that has received the Order of Example. Recently, a Bedouin officer was promoted to the rank of Colonel. Men serve three years in the IDF, as do the women in combat positions, while women in non-combat positions serve two. The IDF requires women who volunteer for combat positions to serve for three years.
Hal Lindsey - von Däniken of end times prophecy. His first book was The Late Great Planet Earth, published in 1970, which became one of the best selling works of non-fiction in that decade. Most of his other writings are in some sense sequels or revisions of this book. The tenor of his teachings can be deduced from the titles of his many books, which include: The Late, Great Planet Earth Satan is Alive and Well On Planet Earth There's a New World Coming The 1980s: Countdown to Armageddon The Final Battle The Terminal Generation Planet Earth: The Final Chapter Rapture Apocalypse Code Blood Moon Vanished into Thin Air: the Hope of Every Believer The Everlasting Hatred: The Roots of Jihad Quotation: Recently, as I was studying about nuclear weapons, I discovered that science.
History of Togo - suffrage and a weak National Assembly. The president was empowered to appoint ministers and dissolve the assembly, holding a monopoly of executive power. In elections that year, from which Grunitzky's party was disqualified, Olympio's party won 90% of the vote and all 51 National Assembly seats, and he became Togo's first elected president. During this period, four principal political parties existed in Togo: the leftist Juvento (Togolese youth movement); the Union Democratique des Populations Togolaises (IDPT); the Parti Togolais Du Progres (PTP), founded by Grunitzky but having limited support; and the Unite Togolaise (UT), the party of President Olympio. Rivalries between elements of these parties had begun as early as the 1940s, and they came to a head with Olympio dissolving the opposition parties in January 1962 ostensibly because of plots.
Ultimate frisbee - often just called ultimate, is a competitive non-contact sport played with a flying disc, known popularly by the trademark Frisbee (although any 175 gram flying disc is acceptable), invented in 1968. Ultimate is distinguished by the "Spirit of the Game," the principles of fair play, sportsmanship, and the joy of play. Regulation games are played by teams of seven players on a field of 70 yards by 40 yards, with endzones 25 yards deep. The teams line up at their respective endzones, and the defensive team throws ("pulls") the disc to the offensive team to begin play. Scoring occurs when the offense completes a pass in the opponent's endzone. The disc may only move up the field through passes. If a player has the disc in his possession, he may only.
Genetic interactions - Examples of pair-wise interactions: Suppression - the double mutant is wild type Epistasis - the double mutant is like one of the single mutants Synthetic lethality - the double mutant is lethal Intragenic complementation - two mutations cause similar phenotypes and map to the same locus yet show complementation in heterozygotes. Unlinked non-complementation - two mutations fail to complement but do not map to the same locus.
Gundam Wing - Millardo Peacecraft), Northern European of origin, Millardio Peacecraft, who uses the nom de guerre Zechs Merquise, is a pilot for the Oz organization and is the pilot of the Tallgeese. Later in the series, he pilots a mobile suit called Epyon which has the same program as Wing Zero. Millardio is the son of the family that ruled a pacifist nation in Europe. In Gundam Wing: Endless Waltz, Milliardo switches sides and allies himself with the Gundam pilots. Treize Khushrenada, Aryan of origin, The leader of Oz. Lady Une, German of origin, Treize's second in command. She is completely devoted to him. Dorthy Catalonia, A teenage girl who greatly supports the war and believes that humans only know how to fight. She is granddaughter of the leader of Romefeller. Civilians Relena.
Gun politics - to support a broader application of the Second Amendment. The constitutions of over 40 states provide more clearly written protection for the individual right to firearms ownership. Gun rights advocates point to the writings of the Founders to indicate that the intent of the Second Amendment was to assure that the ordinary individual citizens of America would have the freedom of choice to own whatever sorts of weapons they wished. The US Supreme Court has never directly ruled on the actual meaning of the Second Amendment despite having had a variety of opportunities to do so. Gun rights advocates point out that the court has made statements that refer to this right as an individual right. These statements are found in cases unrelated to the Second Amendment. Gun control advocates point.
Fluoride - Health Organization, and some other health organizations recommend fluoridation of municipal water supplies to a level between 0.7 and 1.2 ppm. When used in very high concentrations (on the order of 10% by volume or higher) , sodium fluoride may be found in rat poisons, insecticides, and wood preservatives. Fluorides and human health High concentrations In high concentrations, as with almost all substances, fluoride compounds are toxic. 5 grams of full strength sodium fluoride will kill most adult humans; a lethal dose is approximately 75mg per kilogram body mass. When ingested directly, fluoride compounds are readily absorbed by the intestines; over time, the compound is excreted through the urine, and the half life for concentration of fluorine compounds is on an order of hours. Implied is that fluoride is taken out.
Flexible baton round - flexible baton round is the trademarked name for a type of non-lethal kinetic projectile, it is more widely known as a beanbag round. It is typically fired from a shotgun and is used by civil and military forces, mainly in the USA. The shotgun type round consists of a strong nylon fabric bag filled with around 40 grams of lead shot. This bag is then fitted within a standard 12-gauge shotgun shell. When fired the bag is expelled at around 70-90 m/s, it spreads out in flight and distributes its impact over about 6 cm² of the target. It is designed to deliver a blow that will cause minimum long-term trauma and no penetration but briefly render the target prone and immobile. The shotgun round is inaccurate over about 6 m,.
USS Wasp (CV-18) - kept Spruance posted on their progress as they wended their way through the Philippine Islands, transited San Bernardino Strait, and entered the Philippine Sea. All day on the 18th, each force sent out scout planes in an effort to locate its adversary. Because of their greater range, the Japanese aircraft managed to obtain some knowledge of Spruance's ships, but American scout planes were unable to find Ozawa's force. Early the following morning, 19 June, aircraft from Mitscher's carriers headed for Guam to neutralize that island for the coming battle and in a series of dogfights, destroyed many Japanese land-based planes. During the morning, carriers from Ozawa's fleet launched four massive raids against their American counterparts, but all were thwarted almost completely. Nearly all of the Japanese warplanes were shot down while.
Acetic acid - into antiquity. The Greek philosopher Theophrastos described in the third century BC how vinegar acted on metals to produce pigments useful in art, including white lead (lead carbonate) and verdigris (a green mixture of copper salts including cupric acetate). Ancient Romans boiled soured wine in lead pots to produce a highly sweet syrup called sapa. Sapa was rich is lead acetate, a sweet substance also called sugar of lead, which contributed to lead poisoning among the Roman aristocracy. Renaissance-era alchemistss prepared glacial acetic acid through the dry distillation of these lead and cupric acetates. The 16th century German alchemist Andreas Libavius described such a procedure, and he compared the glacial acetic acid produced by this means to vinegar. The presence of water in vinegar has such a profound effect on acetic.
Animal testing - Animal testing Animal testing is the use of non-human animals, for purposes of testing chemical and other substances, to determine their safety for use with humans. This topic is mired in controversy, with opponents arguing that we perform animal testing not because we should but because we can [1]. There is a contemporary debate regarding animal testing, and its moral implications, as weighed against benefits to humans. Testing advocates in medicine and industry argue that humans maintain an increasedly higher standard of living, as viewed from health concerns, in large part due to advances in health and manufacturing knowledge derived from animal testing. Animal rights activists counter this, saying commercial testing is excessive and unnecessary, often causing a great loss of life for the diminished pursuit of producing non-vital, socially irrelevant.
Apoptosis - in an orderly manner without eliciting an inflammatory response. (See the Perspective "Eat me or die", by Savill et al., in Science, Vol. 302, p. 1516, Nov. 28, 2003, and the corresponding research articles on new work by Li et al., and Wang et al. in the same issue of Science.) In the studies on mouse embryos lacking PS receptors ("PSR knockout mice") conducted by Li and colleagues, un-ingested cells undergoing apoptosis accumulated in the brain and lungs, leading to neonatal lethality. These studies show how critical is the role of PS receptor (PSR) in the development of complex organisms such as mammals. Intrinsic and extrinsic inducers Apoptotic messages from outside the cell (called extrinsic inducers) will be described in the next section, on biochemical execution of apoptosis. Apoptotic messages from.
April 2003 - Europe's largest civil engineering project, and the world's largest single metro expansion project, is officially opened in Madrid. Metrosur, a 40-kilometre loop of the Madrid metro in the southern suburbs of the city, took under 3 years to complete. Microsoft announces that its will port its Windows Media Player to Linux, in a remarkable step that acknowledges Linux as a significant competing platform on the desktop [1] Der Spiegel reports that Apple Computer is planning to buy Universal Music, one of the giants of the record industry, from Vivendi [1] Cuba executes three men charged with terrorism for hijacking a passenger ferry on April 2. Another four men receive life sentences. [1] In response to Baseball Hall of Fame president Dale Petroskey's April 8 decision to cancel a 15th anniversary celebration.
Baton - made wood, plastic, or metal, and carried by law enforcement, correctional, and security personnel for non-lethal self-defense or combat situations. It is used to strike, poke, and lock onto body parts of an assailant. There are several variations; but all are either gripped at one end (nightstick), or on a handle protruding at a right-angle near one end (based on the martial arts' tonfa). At the end of the 20th century, a popular straight baton was made of steel tubing which collapsed together for carrying, then slid apart to extend. A small metal knob on the end added weight when the baton was used as a bludgeon. British police officers traditionally carried simple wooden truncheons (in police slang simply called a "stick") instead of guns. In recent years they have been.
