Korean nobility - Korean nobility Korean nobility existed in Korea until the Japanese occupation. It included je, wang, gun, .... Emperor Je (제; 帝), or emperor, existed for less than two decades during the Korean Empire. King Wang (Han-geul: 왕; Hanja: 王), or king, was a title used in Goguryeo from 37 BC to 668, in Silla from 500 to 935, in Baekje from 18 BC to 660, and in Goryeo from 1274 - 1392. In early Goryeo (918 - 1274) and the entire Joseon Dynasty (1392-1910), the rulers of Korea were still known as "kings", as evident in the title title of King Sejong the Great, 世宗大王. However, they were referred to by their temple names. Some kings have the title of Maripgan More names, see Rulers of Korea..
Irish nobility - Irish nobility Ireland has had nobles or peers for over a millennium. They fall into a number of categories. Ancient Irish Gaelic nobles (pre-English rule) Peers of the Lordship of Ireland and the Kingdom of Ireland (created between 1171 and 1800) Peers of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland This list covers peerages possessed by Irish people from any of the three categories. The title is listed first, followed by famous figures associated with the family beneath. It does not include non-Irish people awarded Irish titles; for example, the Duke of Connaught, son of Queen Victoria. Gaelic Nobles The O'Conor Don, Prince of Connacht - Ireland' senior gaelic noble, descendant of the last High King of Ireland, Rory O'Connor, and the Pretender to the Irish.
Kazoku - 1947. The Meiji oligarchs, as part of their Westernizing reforms, merged the kuge (the court nobility in Kyoto) and the daimyo (or feudal lords) into a single aristocratic class in 1869. Ito Hirobumi, one of the leaders of the Meiji Restoration and later the principal author of the 1889 Constitution of the Empire of Japan, intended the kazoku to serve a political and social bulwark for the "restored" emperor and the Japanese imperial institution. In addition to the existing Japanese nobility, the Meiji leadership also awarded kazoku status to those regarded as having performed outstanding service to the country. In 1884, the government took the further step of dividing the kazoku into five ranks explicitly based on the British peerage: prince or duke (公爵 kōshaku) marquis (侯爵 kōshaku) count (伯爵 hakushaku).
Kenneth I of Scotland - crown from his mother's bloodlines. In 839, the Picts suffered a disastrous defeat at the hands of the Vikings. The Norsemen had conquered and settled Shetland, the Outer Hebrides and as far south as the mouth of the Clyde. Caithness, Sutherland and even Dalriada were being attacked and harassed by the long boats. The brutalizing defeat at the hands of the Vikings in 839 killed most of the Pictish nobility, including the King of Picts and Scots Uven Mac Angus II, his brother Bran, and "numberless others". This opened Mac Alpin's claim to the vacant Pictish throne (via his mother who was a Pictish princess). The Pictish kingdoms had been severely weakened by attacks from the Vikings and were in no condition to dispute his claim. His claim to the crown.
Khazars - to the north of Black Sea in the west. Early Russian sources called Khazaran, their city, Khvalisy and the Khazar sea (Caspian) Khvaliskoye after the Khwarezmians. Originally, the Khazars practiced traditional Turkic shamanism, focused on the sky god Tengri, but were heavily influenced by Confucian ideas imported from China, notably that of the Mandate of Heaven. The Asena clan were considered to be the chosen of Tengri and the qaghan was the incarnation of the favor the sky-god bestowed on the Turks. A qaghan who failed had clearly lost the god's favor and was typically ritually executed. Historians have sometimes wondered, only half in jest, if the Khazar tendency to occasionally execute their rulers on religious grounds led those rulers to seek out other religions. At some point in the 8th.
Kingdom of Jerusalem - able ruler, and though he was imprisoned by the Turks several times throughout his reign, the boundaries of the Kingdom continued to expand, with the city of Tyre captured in 1124. Life in the Kingdom As new generations grew up in the kingdom, they began to think of themselves as "oriental," rather than European. They often learned to speek Greek, Arabic, and other eastern languages, and married Greeks or Armenians (and, rarely, Muslims). The kingdom was essentially based on the feudal system of contemporary western Europe, but with many important differences. First of all, the kingdom was situated within a relatively small area, with little agricultural land. Since ancient times had been an urban economy, unlike medieval Europe; in fact, although the nobility technically owned land, they preferred to live in.
Kit - violin, designed to fit in a pocket. It was used by dance masters in Royal courts and other places of nobility up until around the 18th century. Occasionally, the rebec was used in the same way. The body of the instrument is very small, but it has a relatively long fingerboard in order to accommodate the player's hand. An alternative musical use of the word kit is as an abbreviation for drum kit. On Usenet, a kit is possibly from DEC Slang for a full software distribution, as opposed to a patch or upgrade. A source software distribution that has been packaged in such a way that it can (theoretically) be unpacked and installed according to a series of steps using only standard Unix tools, and entirely documented by some reasonable.
King John - a dizzying change of alliances, Papal excommunication and subsequent acceptance, and ends finally with King John's death at the hands of a monk. Throughout the play, a character known as "The Bastard" delivers a commentary on nobility, "commodity" and English sovereignty. Cast King John Prince Henry, son to the King (the future Henry III) Arthur, Duke of Britain, nephew to the King (Arthur I, Duke of Brittany) Earl of Pembroke (William Marshal) Earl of Essex (Geoffrey FitzPeter) Lord Bigot Hubert de Burgh Robert Faulconbridge, son of Sir Robert Faulconbridge Philip the Bastard, his half-brother (also called Richard) James Gurney, servant to Lady Faulconbridge Peter of Pomfret, a prophet Philip, King of France (Philip II of France) Louis, the Dauphin (future Louis VIII of France) Lymoges, Duke of Austria Cardinal Pandolph, the.
Klemens Wenzel von Metternich - perhaps the most important diplomat of his era. Metternich was born in Coblenz into minor Westphalian nobility, and one of his earliest diplomatic coups was to marry the granddaughter of the powerful and wealthy Austrian chancellor Count Wenzel von Kaunitz in 1795. His diplomatic skills soon won him posts as ambassador to Berlin, then in 1806 to Paris. Following Austria's disastrous defeat by Napoleon in 1809, Metternich was made Austria's Foreign Minister, replacing Johann Philipp von Stadion, and pursued a pro-French policy, going so far as to engineer the marriage of Napoleon to Marie-Louise, Emperor Francis's daughter. Following Napoleon's defeat in Russia in 1812, Metternich turned to a policy of neutrality, and attempted to mediate a peace between Napoleon and his Russian and Prussian enemies. In June 1813 he famously met.
Knights Templar - class than the knights farmers, who administered the property of the Order the chaplains, who were ordained priests and saw to the spiritual needs of the Order. At any time, there were approximately 10 people in support positions for each Knight. In addition, there were brothers devoted only to banking, as this extraordinary Order was often trusted with precious goods by participants in the Crusade - over time this grew into a new basis of money as Templars became increasingly involved in banking activities. It is some indication of their powerful political connections that the Templars' involvement in usury did not lead to more controversy within the Order and the church at large. The Templars political connections and awareness of the essentially urban and commercial nature of the Outremer communities naturally.
Knight - the middle ages, the term knight referred to a mounted and armoured soldier. Originally, knights were warriors on horse-back, but the title became increasingly connected to nobility and social status, most likely because of the cost of equipping oneself in the cavalry. Knighthood eventually became a formal title bestowed on those noblemen trained for active war duty. In theory, knighthood could be bestowed on a man by any knight, but it was generally considered honorable to be dubbed knight by the hand of a monarch. By about the late 13th century, partly in conjunction with the focus on courtly behavior, a code of conduct and uniformity of dress for knights began to evolve. Knights were eligible to wear a white belt and golden spurs as signs of their status. Moreover, knights.
Konstantin von Neurath - Bohemia and Moravia (1939-1941 (1943)). He was born in Württemberg, the son of minor Swabian nobility. He studied law in Tübingen and at the University of Berlin. After graduating in 1892 he joined a local law firm in his home town. He joined the civil service in 1901 and worked for the Foreign Office in Berlin. In 1903 he was assigned to the embassy in London as Vice-Consul, from 1909 he was legationsrat at the embassy. In 1914 he was sent to the embassy in Constantinople. During WW I he served as an officer with an infantry regiment up until 1916 when he was badly wounded, in December 1914 he was awarded the Iron Cross. He returned to the diplomatic service in Turkey. Towards the end of the war he headed.
Korean Buddhism - dynasty it was in fact Seon which become dominant in terms of impact on the government and society, and the production of noteworthy scholars and adepts. Major Trends The first of the Goryeo's two most famous advocates of Seon/Gyo unity was Uicheon. Uicheon was the fourth son of a devout Buddhist king, and entered the sangha at a young age. Like most other early Goryeo monks, he began his studies in Buddhism with Hwaeom. He later traveled to China, where he studied under a number of leading masters from a variety of lineages, including Chan, Huayan, Vinaya, Pure Land and Tiantai. Returning to Korea, Uicheon very actively promulgated the Cheontae teaching, believing that it, as a balanced system, provided a viable solution to the heated Seon/Gyo debate which surrounded him at.
January 11 - 532 - Nika riots in Constantinople. 1158 - Vladislav II becomes King of Bohemia. 1569 - First recorded lottery in England. 1571 - Austrian nobility is granted Freedom of religion. 1693 - Eruption of Mt. Etna. 1759 - In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the first American life insurance company is incorporated. 1787 - William Herschel discovers Titania and Oberon, two moonss of Uranus. 1805 - Michigan Territory is created. 1861 - Alabama secedes from the United States. 1863 - American Civil War: Battle of Arkansas Post - General John McClernand and Admiral David Porter capture the Arkansas River for the Union. 1867 - Benito Juarez becomes Mexican president again. 1879 - Anglo-Zulu War begins. 1908 - Grand Canyon National Monument is created. 1919 - Romania annexes Transylvania. 1922 - First successful treatment with.
Jadwiga of Poland - had also made an arrangement with the future Holy Roman Emperor Sigismund for the latter to marry either Jadwiga or her sister Mary, later queen of Hungary (Sigismund married Mary.) Jadwiga had to return to Poland when her sister Catherine died in 1378. When her father died in 1382, the archbishop of Krakow crowned her as "Jadwiga, king of Poland" - technically speaking, she was king, not queen. The nobility of Poland prevailed upon her to end her engagement with William and instead to marry Jagiello, grand duke of Lithuania, whose country had returned to paganism after a brief peiod of Christian kingship in the 1250s. In February 1386 Jagiello converted to Catholicism, and shortly afterward they were married. Jagiello was crowned king of Poland as Ladislaus II. Jadwiga died in.
James III of Scotland - produced three sons, James, the future James IV of Scotland, James duke of Ross, and John, earl of Mar. Conflict broke out between James and the Boyd family following the marriage. Robert and Thomas Boyd (with princess Mary) were out of the country involved in diplomacy when their regime was overthrown. Mary's marriage was later declared void in 1473. Sir Alexander Boyd family was executed by James in 1469. James's policies during the 1470s revolved primarily around ambitious continental schemes for territorial expansion, and alliance with England. Between 1471 and 1473 he suggested annexations or invasions of Brittany, Saintonge and Gueldres. These unrealistic aims resulted in parliamentary criticism, especially since the king was reluctant to deal with the more humdrum business of administering justice at home. In 1474 an marriage alliance.
Jacob Frank - Jew to search them out and expose them. The persecuted sectarians informed Dembrowsky, the Catholic Bishop of Kamenetz-Podolsk, that the Jewish sect to which they belonged rejected the Talmud and recognized only the sacred book of Kabbalah, the Zohar, which they alleged admitted the truth of the Christian doctrine of the Trinity. They claimed that they regarded the Messiah-Deliverer as one of the three divinities, but they failed to state that by "messiah" they specifically meant Shabbetai Tzvi. The bishop took seriously the "Anti-Talmudists," or "Zoharists," as the sectarians began to style themselves, and in 1757 arranged a religious discussion between them and Jewish rabbis. The Anti-Talmudists presented their theses, to which the rabbis gave a very lukewarm and unwilling reply for fear of offending the Church dignitaries who were present..
James Butler, 1st Duke of Ormonde - his utmost to undermine his influence. Ormonde's almost irresponsible government of Ireland during troubled times was open to criticism. He had billeted soldiers on civilians, and had executed martial law. He was threatened by Buckingham with impeachment. In March 1669, Ormonde was removed from the government of Ireland and from the committee for Irish affairs. He made no complaint, insisted that his sons and others over whom he had influence should retain their posts, and continued to fulfil the duties of his other offices, while his character and services were recognized in his election as chancellor of the University of Oxford on 4 August 1669. In 1670 an extraordinary attempt was made to assassinate the duke by a ruffian and adventurer named Thomas Blood, already notorious for an unsuccessful plot to.
Japanese translation note - tax return 青色事業専従者 - dependents of a taxpayer submitting a blue tax return 赤字原因 - cause of deficit 赤字鉄道路線 - deficit-ridden railway line 赤字国債 - a national deficit loan 赤字財政 - deficit finance 赤字団体 - local governments with financial deficit 赤字公債 - deficit bond; deficit-covering national bond 赤字バス路線 - deficit-ridden bus route 赤字予算 - deficit budget 赤字路線 - deficit-ridden transport line 明るく正しい選挙の推進 - promotion of fair election 悪臭対策 - preventive measures against unpleasant odors アクセス道路 - access road 字 - aza; village or town section in the Japanese addressing system(H) 圧縮記帳 - advanced depreciation 斡旋 - conciliation; arbitration; negotiation 圧力団体 - pressure group; Special interest group 奄美群島振興開発事業 - Amami Islands Development Project 安全衛生管理者 - safety and sanitation manager 安全管理 - safety control; safety management 安全厚生推進室 - Safety and Health office アンダーパー発行.
Jacques Antoine Marie de Cazalès - French orator and politician, was born at Grenade in Languedoc, of a family of the lower nobility. Before 1789 he was a cavalry officer, but in that year was returned as deputy to the states general. In the Constituent Assembly he belonged to the section of moderate royalists who sought to set up a constitution on the English model, and his speeches in favour of retaining the right of war and peace in the king's hands and on the organization of the judiciary gained the applause even of his opponents. Apart from his eloquence, which gave him a place among the finest orators of the Assembly, Cazalès is mainly remembered for a duel fought with Barnave. After the insurrection of August 10 1792, which led to the downfall of royalty, Cazaiès.
