IBM Executive series typewriter - IBM Executive series typewriter The IBM Executive series typewriter was a series of electric typewriters that IBM manufactured, starting in the 1950s. They used the conventional moving carriage and hammer mechanism. Two models of the series were introduced in the 1950s: IBM Executive Model A IBM Executive Model B One model of the series was introduced in the early 1960s: IBM Executive Model C One model of the series was introduced in the early 1970s: IBM Executive Model D Modified versions of the A, B, and C models were commonly used as "console typewriters" or terminals on many early computers (e.g., JOHNNIAC, IBM 1620, PDP-1)..
IBM 632 - IBM 632 The IBM 632 was a valve-and-relay driven basic (very basic) accounting machine, introduced in 1958, that was available in seven different models. It consisted of an IBM Executive series typewriter and at least a punch card unit (like the IBM 24) that housed the "electronics" in two gates (a relay gate and an electronic gate). Some machines also had a card reader unit (like the IBM 26). A small core memory provided storage for 8 numeric 12 digit words. The IBM 632 Electronic Typing Calculator The machine was programmed primarily with a plastic tape that moved synchronously with the typewriter carriage. Each tape would typically handle one application. The tape mechanism was mounted behind the carriage in the typewriter unit. Further programming was provided.
Typewriter - Typewriter Typist typing on a typewriter. 1st decade of 20th century A typewriter is a mechanical, electromechanical, or electronic device with a set of "keys" that, when pressed, cause characters to be printed on a document, usually paper. A typewriter has a keyboard, with keys for the characters in its font. The method by which the typewriter actually marks the paper now varies as greatly as types of printers do, but until the end of the 20th century was by the impact of a metal (or, later, metallized plastic) type element against an "inked" ribbon which caused ink to be deposited on the paper. Carbon paper was sometimes inserted between multiple pieces of paper, so the impact also caused duplicate characters to be printed on each.
List of IBM products - List of IBM products Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Keypunches and Verifiers 2 Unit Record Equipment 3 Calculating Devices 4 Computer hardware 4.1 Peripherals 4.2 Tubes (1950s) 4.3 Transistors (1960s) 4.4 Integrated Circuits (1964 to present) 5 Typewriters 6 Software Keypunches and Verifiers IBM 1 - Mechanical punch IBM 11 - Electric punch IBM 15 - Motorized punch IBM 16 - Motorized duplicating punch IBM 24 - Electronic (tube) punch non-printing IBM 26 - Electronic (tube) punch printing, BCD zone codes IBM 29 - Transistorized punch printing, EBCDIC zone codes IBM 51 - Mechanical verifier IBM 52 - Motorized verifier IBM 56 - Verifier IBM 59 - Verifier IBM 129 - Integrated circuits punch printing IBM 524 - Electronic (tube) verifier IBM 526 - Electronic (tube) summary.
IBM 1620 Model I - IBM 1620 Model I The IBM 1620 Model I was the original implementation of the IBM 1620 scientific computer, introduced in 1959. This unit (commonly called "1620" until the Model II was introduced) was produced as inexpensively as IBM could make it, in order to keep the price low. One industry magazine (Datamation) mentioned that the 1620 was the first IBM computer for which the basic system could be leased for a monthly rate less than its number :-) It did not even have conventional ALU hardware: all arithmetic was done by table lookup in core memory. Addition and Subtraction used a 100 digit table (@ address 00300..00399). Multiplication used a 200 digit table (@ address 00100..00299). In the basic machine division used software subroutines, but.
Embedded system - often must run with real-time constraints. Usually there is no disk drive, operating system, keyboard or screen. There are many different CPU architectures used in embedded designs. This in contrast to the desktop computer market, which as of this writing (2003) is limited to just a few competing architectures, chiefly Intel's x86, and the Apple/Motorola/IBM PowerPC, used in the Apple Macintosh. One common configuration for embedded systems is the system on a chip, an application-specific integrated circuit, for which the CPU was purchased as intellectual property to add to the IC's design. The software tools (compilers, assemblers and debugger) used to develop an embedded system can come from several sources: Software companies that specialize in the embedded market Ported from the GNU software development tools Sometimes, development tools for a personal.
December 2003 - Election 2004 Taiwan Presidential Election 2004 U.S. Presidential Election Bloody Sunday Inquiry Search for Beagle 2 Kyoto Protocol Liberian Crisis Same-sex Marriage SCO v. IBM Israeli-Palestinian Conflict Road Map to Peace North Korean Crisis War on Terrorism Afghanistan timeline December 2003 Occupation of Iraq Iraq Timeline December 31, 2003 In Taiwan, President Chen Shui-bian signs a law that allows referendums to be held. The People's Republic of China condemns this. [1] Occupation of Iraq: A car bomb detonates outside an upmarket Baghdad restaurant much favoured by foreign journalists, killing five New Year revellers. [1] The Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences mails nomination ballots in which it qualifies 254 films released in 2003 as eligible for Oscar consideration. [1] December 30, 2003 The European Union is investigating a series of.
Desk - and paper or complicated ones like a computer. To many the ideal or generic concept of a desk is the pedestal desk, which is often called an executive desk. At one extreme in size one finds the Armoire desk, encased in a very large cabinet looking like a traditional wardrobe from the exterior, when the doors are closed. At the other end one finds the Portable desk, which, in its smallest forms, is light enough to be placed on a lap or on small supports on a bed. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early desks 2 Classical desk forms 3 Industrial era desks 4 Desks groaning under masses of paper 5 Impact of computers on desk forms 6 Future desk evolution 7 References Early desks Desk forms might have existed in.
Calculator - they are limited to an 8 – 10 digit single-number display and a few basic functions of arithmetic, but some modern ones have more of the features of a general-purpose computer. Pocket calculators rendered the slide rule obsolete. Calculators vary in their capabilities. Some are limited to only basic arithmetic; others support trigonometric and other mathematical functions. The most advanced modern calculators are programmable, can display graphics, and include features of computer algebra systems. History In 1954, IBM demonstrated a large all-transistor calculator. In 1957, IBM released the first commercial all-transistor calculator (IBM 608). The first hand-helds, as opposed to desktop calculators, went on sale in 1970 with models from Sharp and Canon, weighing around 1.7 lb. The first pocket-sized model, the 901B (measuring 5.2" x 3.0" x 1.5" / 131mm.
COBOL - was formed to recommend a short range approach to a common business language. It was made up of members representing six computer manufacturers and three government agencies. In particular, the six computer manufacturers were Burroughs Corporation, IBM, Minneapolis-Honeywell, RCA, Sperry Rand, and Sylvania Electric Products. The three government agencies were the US Air Force, the David Taylor Model Basin, and the National Bureau of Standards. This committee was chaired by a member of the NBS. An Intermediate-Range Committee and a Long-Range Committee were proposed at the Pentagon meeting as well. However although the Intermediate Range Committeee was formed, it was never operational; and the Long-Range Committee was never even formed. In the end a sub-committee of the Short Range Committee developed the specifications of the COBOL language. This sub-committee was made.
Timeline of computing 1950-1979 - Zuerich. 1950 Floppy disk invented at the Imperial University in Tokyo by Doctor Yoshiro Nakamats, the sales license for the disk was granted to IBM. 1950 The British mathematician and computer pioneer Alan Turing published a paper describing what would come to be called the Turing Test. The paper explored the nature and potential development of human and computer intelligence and communication. 1951 High level language compiler invented by Grace Murray Hopper. 1951 Whirlwind, the first real-time computer built at MIT by the team of Jay Forrester for the US Air Defence System, became operational. This computer is the first to allow interactive computing, allowing users to interact with it using a keyboard and a cathode-ray tube. The Whirlwind design was later developed into SAGE, a comprehensive system of real-time computers.
Robert S. McNamara - August 1940 returned to Harvard to teach in the business school. He entered the Army Air Forces as a captain in early 1943 and left active duty three years later with the rank of lieutenant colonel. In 1946 McNamara joined Ford Motor Company as manager of planning and financial analysis. He advanced rapidly through a series of top-level management positions to the presidency of Ford on 9 November 1960, one day after Kennedy's election. The first company head selected outside the Ford family, McNamara received substantial credit for Ford's expansion and success in the postwar period. President-elect John F. Kennedy, very much concerned with defense matters although lacking Eisenhower's mastery of the issues, first offered the post of secretary of defense to former secretary Robert A. Lovett. When Lovett declined, Kennedy.
PDP-1 - PDP-1 was the first computer in DEC's PDP series and was first produced in 1960. The PDP-1 is most famous for being the computer most important in the creation of hacker culture, at MIT, BBN and elsewhere. It was also the original hardware for playing the first computer game, Steve Russell's Spacewar. It used punched paper tape as its primary storage medium. Unlike card decks, which could be sorted and re-ordered, punched paper tape was difficult to physically edit. This inspired the creation of text-editing programs such as Expensive Typewriter and TECO. Because it was equipped with online and offline printers that were based on IBM electric typewriters, it was capable of what, in eighties terminology, would be called "letter-quality printing" and therefore inspired TJ-2, arguably the first word processor. MIT.
Office of the future - the name "office of the future", with quite a few novelties. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Memex desk and related machines 2 Dynabook slate concept 3 Starfire video prototype 4 Microsoft and IBM prototypes 5 Art and beauty and snob appeal Memex desk and related machines The first practical office of the future concept was probably the series of Memex machines which were presented in Life magazine on November 1945. Life magazine hired an illustrator from Sperry Rand to make drawings of the concepts Vannevar Bush had presented a few months earlier in The Atlantic magazine under the title As We May Think. The Memex article in The Atlantic is most often cited because of its longer text which details the proposal of a system of shared microfilm based hyperlinks which.
November 2003 - Inquiry Road Map to Peace Israeli-Palestinian Conflict 2004 Canadian Federal Election 2004 U.S. Presidential Election 2004 ROC Presidential Election Same-sex Marriage SCO v. IBM War on Terrorism Afghanistan timeline November 2003 November 30, 2003 Syria hands over 22 suspects to Turkey on Sunday in connection with four deadly suicide bombings in Istanbul, the semi-official Anatolia news agency reported. [1] According to the Information Center for Human Rights and Democracy, the People's Republic of China has freed three people detained on charges of posting information critical of the government on the Internet. [1] The Observer newspaper reports that a deal is imminent to repatriate British men being held in Guantanamo Bay. [1] Israeli army chief Moshe Yaalon and former heads of Shin Bet criticise Prime Minister Ariel Sharon for his unwillingness to.
Makati City - intersect at the Magallanes Interchange, which is the most complex system of elevated roadways in Metro Manila. Other major roads in Makati include Buendia Avenue, also called Sen. Gil Puyat Avenue, which connects EDSA and SLEX in the north; Ayala Avenue, an important street that runs through the Central Business District; and Makati Avenue, which connects Ayala Avenue with Buendia Avenue. Population Makati City has a population of 444,867, according to the 2000 Census. This figure represents an increase of 39,824 or 8 per cent over the 1995 Census figure. Among the cities and municipalities in Metro Manila, Makati ranks fifth in population, with a 5 percent share. In a span of 97 years, Makati's population grew 193 times. The 1903 Census placed the population at 2,700. Although its population is.
Management information systems - economies of scale in promotion, purchasing, and production; economies of scope in distribution and promotion; reduced overhead allocation per unit; and shorter break-even times. This absolute cost advantage can be an important barrier to entry. 6) Leverage IT investment in production processes (2). Investment in IT allows a company flexibility in their overall output level. Michael Porter claims that economies of scale are a barrier to entry, aside from the absolute cost advantages they provide. This is because, a company producing at a point on the long-run average cost curve where economies of scale exist has the potential to obtain cost savings in the future, and this potential is a barrier to entry. 7) Leverage learning curve advantages from experience with IT. As a company gains experience using IT systems, they.
L. Ron Hubbard - the mid-1970s and lived for a while in Florida. In 1977, Scientology offices on both coasts of the United States were raided by FBI agents seeking evidence of a suspected Church-run espionage network. Hubbard's wife Mary Sue and a dozen other senior Scientology officials were convicted in 1979 of conspiracy against the United States Government, while Hubbard himself was named by Federal prosecutors as an "unindicted co-conspirator". Facing intense media interest and a number of lawsuits, he retired in great secrecy to a ranch near Hemet, California, where he later died. The time of Hubbard's death is a matter of some controversy: while the Church of Scientology announced his death in 1986, he did not appear in public after 1981. Following Hubbard's death, leadership of the Church of Scientology was taken.
IBM Selectric typewriter - IBM Selectric typewriter The IBM Selectric typewriter (occasionally known as the IBM Golfball typewriter) is the electric typewriter design that brought the typewriter into the electronic age. Selectric I Selectric II Instead of typebars it had a pivoting typeball that could be changed to use different fonts in the same document. The ability to change fonts, combined with the neat regular appearance of the typed page, was revolutionary and marked the beginning of desktop publishing. Later models with selective pitch and built-in correcting tape carried the trend even further. Any typist could produce a polished manuscript. Due to their speed (14.8 characters/sec), immunity to clashing typebars, and reliability, Selectric models were also widely used as terminals for computers, replacing Teletypes. The machine had a key lockout.
IBM Series/1 - IBM Series/1 The IBM Series/1 computer was a miniature mainframe that used Event Driven Language (EDL) to control and operate external electro-mechanical components while also allowing for primitive data storage and handling. A "technologically advanced" Series/1 operated at 50-100 MHz with 1 Megabyte of memory..
