Action research - Action research Originally formulated by social psychologist Kurt Lewin, action research is a disciplined method for intentional learning from experience. Link http://carbon.cudenver.edu/~mryder/itc/act_res.html.
Agricultural Research Service - Agricultural Research Service The Agricultural Research Service (ARS) is the principal in-house research agency of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA). ARS is one of four agencies in the Research, Education, and Economics (REE) mission area. ARS is charged with extending the Nation's scientific knowledge with programs in agriculture, human nutrition, food safety, natural resources, the environment, library and information services, and other topics affecting the American people on a daily basis. ARS supports more than 2,000 permanent scientists working on approximately 1,050 permanent research projects at more than 100 locations across the country and five foreign laboratories and more than 150 librarians, technical information specialists and other library specialists who work at the two locations of the National Agricultural Library, the Abraham Lincoln Building in Beltsville,.
Karl Korsch - Germany, leaving on the night Hitler burned down the Reichstag. He and his wife settled in the USA in 1936, teaching at Tulane University, New Orleans, and working at the International Institute of Social Research, New York. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Political development 2 Philosophy 3 Influence Political development Korsch studied in London between 1912 and 1914, becoming a member of the Fabian Society there. At this time he also married the person who would have lifelong involvement in his theoretical work, Hedda Gagliardi. Korsch's wartime experiences in Germany radicalised him, especially the ferment within the leftwing parties of Germany following the Russian revolution. Uprisings such as that of the Spartacists in Berlin in January 1919, and the Munich Soviet Republic in April 1919, made revolution seem imminent to many.
Kurt Lewin - Lewin is considered a founding figure. Impact on OD Action research Force field analysis For more info http://www.infed.org/thinkers/et-lewin.htm http://www.bomis.com/rings/Mgestalt-kurt_lewin-science/ http://fates.cns.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/lewin.htm.
James Clerk Maxwell - simple and convenient, but could not have been thought of for the purpose except by a man whose knowledge was co-extensive with his ingenuity. In 1856, Maxwell was appointed to the chair of Natural Philosophy in Marischal College, Aberdeen, which he held until the fusion of the two colleges there in 1860. He obtained in 1859 the Adams prize in Cambridge for an original and powerful essay, “On the Stability of Saturn’s Rings”, in which he concluded the rings could not be completely solid or fluid. Maxwell demonstrated stability could be reached only if the rings consisted of numerous small solid particles. He also mathematically disproved the nebular hypothesis (which stated that solar system formed through the progressive condensation of a purely gaseous nebula), forcing the theory to account for additional.
Jehovah's Witnesses - from a religious perspective. The Watchtower, published in 146 languages, focuses mainly on doctrine. With an average circulation of 25 million copies semimonthly, The Watchtower is the most widely distributed religious magazine in the world. At their yearly conventions, new books, brochures, and other items pertaining to the religion's current doctrine are usually released. Additionally, a number of audio- and videocassettes have been produced featuring various aspects of the group's beliefs and practices. Their website (http://www.watchtower.org) presents information in 230 languages (as of December 2003) and may be the most multilingual website on the Internet. Opposition to Jehovah's Witnesses Throughout their history, their doctrines and practices have met controversy. Animosity against them has at times led to the point of mob action, government oppression — including being targeted in the Holocaust.
Jewish principles of faith - that God revealed the Torah to Moses. The Jewish tradition holds that the laws therein are binding on all of Israel. Orthodox and Conservative Jews hold that the prophecy of Moses is held to be true; he is held to be the chief of all prophets, even of those who came before and after him. This belief was expressed by Maimonides, who wrote that "Moses was superior to all prophets, whether they preceded him or arose afterwards. Moses attained the highest possible human level. He perceived God to a degree surpassing every human that ever existed....God spoke to all other prophets through an intermediary. Moses alone did not need this; this is what the Torah means when God says "Mouth to mouth, I will speak to him." However, this does not.
Jean Piaget - molluscs of Lake Geneva, he embarked on his studies of developmental biology when he observed the way his infant daughters came to grips with and then mastered the world around them. Piaget's theories of psychological development have proved influential. Among others, the philosopher and social theorist Jürgen Habermas has incorporated them into his work, most notably in The Theory of Communicative Action. Piaget also had a considerable impact in the field of computer science. Seymour Papert used Piaget's work while developping the Logo programming language. Alan Kay used Piaget's theories as the basis for the Dynabook programming system concept, which was first discussed within the confines of the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center, or Xerox PARC. These discussions led to the development of the Alto prototype, which explored for the first.
Jihad - Jihad": Egyptian Islamic Jihad and Palestinian Islamic Jihad. These groups are considered mainstream by millions of supporters within the Islamic world, who see a strong religious justification for a military understanding of the term jihad. For militant groups within the Islamic cultural sphere, a person who commits suicide as a part of struggle against oppression is considered a shahid - holy martyr - and is held to have earned a place in heaven. Many Muslims disagree with this view, however, saying that even in such circumstances, suicide remains a sin. Many Muslim Arab clerics encourage suicide bombing and Jihad against the West, mainly against the USA and Israel.[1] Most of these clerics are either sponsored by the Arab governments, or head extremist groups (such as Sheikh Ahmed Yassin of Hamas). Many.
Joseph Smith, Jr. - Seer and Revelator" in the "latter days", and to restore Christ's church to a world that had fallen away in apostasy. Critics regarded him and the religion he started with contempt and often with violence. Smith and his legacy continue to evoke strong emotion. His life and works are subject to considerable ongoing debate and research. Some Mormons regard negative criticism as verification of Smith's own prophecies that his name and reputation would be subject to both praise and scorn. Table of contents showTocToggle("show","hide") 1 Early life 2 The First Vision 3 Translation 4 Founder of a religion 5 Ohio 6 Plural Marriage 7 Missouri 8 Nauvoo 9 King Follett Discourse 10 Smith's death in Carthage 11 After Smith's murder 12 External Links Early life Smith was born in Sharon, Vermont,.
John Carmack - games Wolfenstein 3D, Doom and Quake, amongst others. Carmack's game engines are able to take maximum advantage of the developments in PC hardware quicker than other developers. He has invented several computer graphic algorithmic techniques, notably surface caching and Carmack's Reverse. Recognized as a technical leader in the computer gaming world, Carmack's engines have been licensed and put to use in some of the most influential first person action shooter games in the genre's history such as Half-Life and Medal of Honor. Next to Linus Torvalds, Carmack is probably the only other programmer who is recognized in public. Despite his fame and fortune, Carmack never seems to regard himself as anything but a technologist. When the source code to Quake had been stolen off of crack.com's servers, it circulated quickly among.
José Bové - Berkeley, California in the United States. His father Joseph, originally from Luxembourg, became a French citizen as he took on the role of regional director of the National Institute of Agricultural Sciences Research (Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique or INRA) and member of the French Academy of Sciences. His mother is a professor of natural sciences. Bové speaks English fluently, having followed his parents to Berkeley at the age of three, when they were invited to be researchers at the University of California, Berkeley. After attending secondary school near Paris, he spurned University and instead joined a group of conscientious objectors to military service. This work led him into the occupation of lands in the Larzac which were to be attributed to the French military, where he joined a band.
Johann Joachim Winckelmann - ("Observations on the Architecture of the Ancients"), including an account of the temples at Paestum. In 1758 and 1762 he visited Naples, and from his Sendschreiben von den herculanischen Entdeckungen (1762) and his Nachricht von den neuesten herculanischen Entdeckungen (1764) scholars obtained their first real information about the treasures excavated at Pompeii and Herculaneum. Winckelmann again visited Naples in 1765 and 1767, and wrote for the use of the electoral prince and princess of Saxony his Briefe an Bianconi, which were published, eleven years after his death, in the Antologia romana. His masterpiece, the Geschichte der Kunst des Alterthums ("History of Ancient Art"), issued in 1764, was soon recognized as a permanent contribution to European literature. In this work Winckelmann sets forth both the history of Greek art and the principles.
John Lothrop Motley - done a large amount of work on this subject when, finding the materials at his disposal in the United States inadequate, he went to Europe in 1851. The next five years were spent at Dresden, Brussels and the Hague in investigation of the archives, which resulted in 1856 in the publication of The Rise of the Dutch Republic, which became very popular. It speedily passed through many editions, was translated into French, and also into Dutch, German and Russian. In 1860 Motley published the first two volumes of its continuation, The United Netherlands. This work was on a larger scale, and embodied the results of a still greater amount of original research. It was brought down to the truce of 1609 by two additional volumes, published in 1867. In 1861, just.
John Tyndall - and Board of Trade, and in 1867 as superintendent of the Royal Institution. His reverent attachment to Faraday is beautifully manifested in his memorial volume called Faraday as a Discoverer (1868). His inquiries into glacier motion were notable for his association with Switzerland and for prolonged controversy with other men of science on the subject. In 1854; after the meeting of the British Association in Liverpool, a memorable visit occurred to the Penrhyn slate quarries, where the question of slaty cleavage arose in his mind, and ultimately led him, with Huxley, to Switzerland to study the phenomena of glaciers. Here the mountains seized him, and he became a constant visitor and one of the most intrepid and most resolute of explorers; among other feats of climbing he was the first to.
John Glen Wardrop - the journey times in all routes actually used are equal and less than those which would be experienced by a single vehicle on any unused route. Each user non-cooperatively seeks to minimize his cost of transportation. The traffic flows that satisfy this principle are usually referred to as "user equilibrium" (UE) flows, since each user chooses the route that is the best. Specifically, a user-optimized equilibrium is reached when no user may lower his transportation cost through unilateral action. A variant on this is the stochastic user equilibrium (SUE) wherein no driver can unilaterally change routes to improve his/her perceived travel times. Wardrop's second principle At equilibrium the average journey time is minimum. implies that each user behaves cooperatively in choosing his own route to ensure the most efficient use of.
Joseph Fouché - France, a revolt of the royalist peasants of Brittany and La Vendée menaced the Convention on the west. That body deputed Fouché with a colleague, Villers, to proceed to the west as commissioners invested with almost dictatorial powers for the crushing of the revolt of "the whites." The vigour with which he carried out these duties earned him a reputation, and he soon held the post of commissioner of the republic in the départment of the Nièvre. Together with Chaumette, he helped to initiate the atheistical movement, the founders of which in the autumn of 1793 began to aim at the extinction of Christianity in France. In the department of the Nièvre he ransacked churches, sent their spoils to the treasury and established the cult of the goddess of Reason. Over.
John Campbell, 1st Baron Campbell of St Andrews - clauses, and easily disposed of the cries of corporation robbery, nabob representation, opening for young men of talent, &c. The following year (1832) found Campbell Solicitor-General, a knight and member for Dudley, which he represented till 1834 In that year he became Attorney-General and was returned by Edinburgh, for which he sat till 1841. His political creed declared upon the hustings there was that of a moderate Whig. He maintained the connection of church and state, and opposed triennial parliaments and the ballot. In parliament he continued to lend the most effective help to the Liberal party. His speech in 1835 in support of the motion for inquiry into the Irish Church temporalities with a view to their partial appropriation for national purposes (for disestablishment was not then dreamed of as.
Johannes Winkler - March 14, 1931. Winkler was born in Carlsruhe. In 1915 he joined the German army and was wounded in action the following year, leading to a lengthy hospitalisation. After his recovery, he studied as a machinist at the Danzig technical college and found a job at Junkers. With a growing fascination for aerospace, on July 5 1927, he founded the Verein für Raumschiffahrt (VfR - "Spaceflight Society"), an amateur rocketry group, and became its first president. This club would eventually attract over 500 members, including many who would become influential in shaping humanity's journey into space. He also acted as the society's first president and journal editor. The flight of his HW-I rocket near Dessau in 1931 was followed by the design of a more powerful rocket, the HW-II eighteen months.
Jürgen Habermas - tradition by locating rationality in structures of interpersonal linguistic communication rather than in the structure of either the cosmos or the knowing subject. He carries forward the tradition of Kant and the Enlightenment and of democratic socialism through his emphasis on the potential for transforming the world and arriving at a more humane, just, and egalitarian society through the realization of the human potential for rationality. Habermas burst onto the German intellectual scene in the 1950s with an influential critique of the philosophy of Martin Heidegger. He studied philosophy and sociology under the critical theorists Max Horkheimer and Theodor Adorno at the Institute for Social Research at the Johann Wolfgang von Goethe university in Frankfurt am Main before becoming professor of philosophy at the University of Heidelberg and then at Frankfurt..
